 |
||||||
 |
 |
|||||
|
||||||
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
Hormonal Methods include combined oral contraceptives (the Pill), progestin-only pills (the mini-pill or POPs), Depo-Provera (the Shot), vaginal rings, Ortho Evra (the Patch), Norplant, and Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECP or Morning-After Pills). These methods involve hormones which change the way a woman's reproductive system works. Although the primary mechanism of this action is inhibition of ovulation, other alterations include changes in the cervical mucus, which increase the difficulty of sperm entry into the uterus, and changes in the endometrium, which reduce the likelihood of implantation. Typical failure rates for these methods range from 1-13% per year. Considerations for Teens: Oral contraceptives and Depo-Provera are popular methods for teens due to their ease of use. However, all hormonal methods have many possible side-effects, such as weight gain and skin problems. Some side effects can be quite serious, such as prolonged bleeding with Depo-Provera, which is why you should always let your health care providers (and parents) know if you are using any of these methods. All hormonal methods, especially Depo-Provera, are associated with loss in bone density for teens. Additionally none of these methods offers any protection from STDs like the AIDS virus. Considerations for Single Adults: All hormonal methods typically have some unpleasant side-effects, such as weight gain, depression, and loss of sex drive. Older women who smoke should not use combined oral contraceptives. These methods offer no protection from STDs. Although these are some of the more effective methods of pregnancy prevention, many women do get pregnant despite proper use. Others get pregnant when they forget a pill or take antibiotics (which can compromise the effectiveness of the Pill). Hormonal methods offer no protection from STDs. Considerations for Married Couples: After discontinuing
combined OCs or Depo-Provera, it may take several months to over
a year for normal fertility to return. Keep in mind that with a
1-13% annual failure rate, the odds are that after using many of
these methods continuously for several years, you may eventually
experience a surprise pregnancy. Talk to your mate about this possibility
ahead of time. |
